Auditions for the third class of the Studio of Individual Directing took place during the time of the third regeneration of The Garden, which premiered in London at the Southwark Playhouse. The students of MIR-3 set to work exploring Moliere’s Don Juan. The premiere of Hello and Farewell, Don Juan (1995) was performed in St. Petersburg at the KUKART Festival. Later it was performed on the stage of the School of Dramatic Art.
The development of Moliere’s play paved the way for the next evolutionary project, The Palace, into which the Studio launched itself in 1998. Yukhananov and the students of MIR-3 began creating a number of performances, which, as a whole, were intended to create the impression of a kind of "palace repertoire." Here – unlike in The Garden, which developed in the territory of the mystery play – artists appealed to categories closer to theatre in its most common definition. The repertoire included Moliere’s Don Juan, Calderon’s The Constant Prince, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, My Friend Hitler and The Marquise de Sade by Yukio Mishima, a composition titled Dostoevsky Blues after Dostoevsky’s Devils and Rustem Khamdamov’s screenplay for Anna Karamazoff, Lope de Vega’s Dog in the Manger, and Birthday, based on a play by Yelena Dashunina, a student of MIR. It was crucial in these experiments for the participants to find threads that showed how one "palace" play echoed others.
The third generation of MIR produced for Russia and the world numerous theatre, film and television directors, actors, screenwriters, producers and designers, including Marina Andreikina, Andrei Iryshkov, Marina Maximik, Yevgeny Pokhis, Daniil Lebedev and Andrei Yemelyanov (Tsitsernaki).
While creating The Palace with MIR-3, Yukhananov began working on Calderon's The Constant Prince, developing so-called "radial analysis." At that time students were working only with fragments of plays. Several years later, the director would return to Calderon, staging a large three-part production called The Constant Principle (which premiered in 2013 at the School of Dramatic Art).
One part of the project (the facets of Crystal) grew into an independent and long journey into the depths of a great European novel, Goethe's Faust. The history of the evolutionary Faust project, in terms of its chronology, intersects with other projects of Yukhananov and MIR. Formally, the first attempts to take on Faust artistically date to 1996. This was the Faust-art endeavor, in which Yukhananov invited various individuals from the artistic community to read Goethe's text before a video camera. At this time, The Garden was still in full swing, and MIR-3 was building its "palace repertoire."
In 1997 Yukhananov recruited an actor-director course at RATI (GITIS), something of a relative to the group studying in the Studio. Throughout the five-year training period, the GITIS course worked on the Theatre and its Diary art project, while students from MIR-2 and MIR-3 participated in the fourth and fifth editions of Faust (performed in six editions through 2009) in the Palace project.
With each new metamorphosis of Faust, not only did the cast, Yury Kharikov’s design, and the performance duration change, but the understanding of the central images changed. This was dictated by the change of performers and the change of historical eras. Students of different generations of "MIR" completed this ten-year journey. As in other evolutionary projects, the Faust performance text was composed and transformed thoroughly over a long period of time. They employed different types of genres – street and buffo theatre, circus and clownery, the mystery play in the spirit of 18th century "school theatre," and musical interludes of diverse styles. They also applied a broad philosophical and culturological context to Goethe's work: from the Russian symbolists and Vladimir Solovyov to biblical texts, from the anthroposophy of Rudolf Steiner to the existential philosophy of Lev Shestov. The final, sixth, edition of Faust was a product of the Laboratory of Play Structures, founded by Yukhananov and Igor Yatsko, an actor from the School of Dramatic Art.
"It's no accident that director Boris Yukhananov and the artistic director of the School of Dramatic Art Igor Yatsko (who also performs the title role) called their preparatory work on
Faust the Laboratory of Game Structures. After the premiere the laboratory will continue functioning - inquisitive spectators will see it in the repertoire of the theatre on Sretenka Street.... Even as they tell the tale of the headstrong, jaded Faust as the story of a servant of the Lord (for this is the peak of spiritual development in the Christian tradition), Yukhananov and Yatsko do everything to hide it. Two Prologues – in heaven and in the theatre – appear as an amusement park with trained cat-angels (Dmitry Kuklachyov), live pyrotechnics and other tricks, where the role of the Lord is played by a theatre managing director (Vladimir Petrov).... Yukhananov has long leaned on sacred texts, where, in order to discover a secret, one must not call it by name. That's why Faust, a servant of the Lord, plays the fool, acts the buffoon, spars with the demon (Mephistopheles-Ramil Sabitov), sneers at all saints, seduces a girl surrounded by a host of gold-winged angels scurrying here and there like school kids at recess." (Alyona Karas, theatre critic, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2009).
In the years of work on Faust Yukhananov took the core of his GITIS course and created the Laboratory of Angelic Directing (LAR). Continuing the Theatre and its Diary project (in three main vectors: archeology, The Constant Prince, and Bothmer gymnastics), LAR created The Tale of an Upright Man (2004) following deep research in the field of eurythmy. The main performer was Oksana Velikolug, a young woman in a wheel chair, while the action was built on a complex choreographic score based on the decoding of the hieroglyphs of Bothmer gymnastics and a musical score created by composer Sergei Zagny.
Parallel to LAR, another laboratory of an entirely different type emerged from earlier experiments conducted by MIR: Yukhananov and Grigory Zeltser organized the LaboraTORiAH and its main project, The Golem. The Golem was based on the play by H. Leivick and involved the actors increasingly focusing on the “text” of their own performance. It included an encounter with sacred Hebrew texts, a search for ways of dealing with the Torah, and an exploration of the categories of "spontaneity" and "improvisation" in performance. By incorporating the peculiarities of today’s performance in the next, and by establishing live, real-time commentary as an architectonic element of the action, this production pursued deep exploration by means of the same "inductive game" that various generations of MIR had worked out previously. The LaboraTORiAH project lasted nearly a decade, until a new class of students was admitted to the Studio of Individual Directing in 2011.
THE PICARESQUE NOVEL AND THE JOURNEY OF THE ASS
With each new class, MIR became more and more "populated." Fifty students entered MIR-4 after the fourth entrance competition. The study of the picaresque novel, an important cultural phenomenon, opened a new chapter in the biography of the Studio. The fundamental text for the program was Apuleius' novel The Golden Ass, which was not only the first novel written in this genre, but was also important in that it put forth the concept of "initiation." Students read Apuleius’ novel as proof of the Eleusinian mysteries, while the journey of Lucius and his experiences of metamorphosis were posited as the path of initiation. Student directors engaged in a unique experience that was prompted both by the poetics of the material, and by the director’s awareness of his own personal journey: By replicating the complex, convoluted “journey of the Ass,” the students worked their way toward their own productions. The work of MIR-4 on the picaresque genre involved a large number of texts that shared similarities with the inherent narrative peculiarities of this genre. In addition to fragments from The Golden Ass, as translated by Mikhail Kuzmin, the project included excerpts from the works of Ionesco, Ibsen, Cuatier, Dostoevsky, Ostrovsky, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Shakespeare, Moliere, Studenikin, Sorokin, Strinberg, Sacher-Masoch, Williams, Beckett , Bulgakov, Mariengof, Saroyan, Nabokov, Pirandello, Marquez, Mamleev, Bunin, Mukhina, Krasnogorov, Shaw, Kharms, Hemingway, Cocteau, Brodsky, Cain. The students’ work on the picaresque novel was not only conducted in theatre – by the end of the course, each of them had to present his or her own film or video work.
Yukhananov suggested a new form for these explorations and he called it the Open-Circuited Workspace. It was initially conceived as a way for students of MIR-5 to present their work, and it additionally revealed the internal work process to the city’s spectators. Later (when the project was presented on the Electrotheatre main stage), its tasks became more universal. The notion of the "open circuit" was now considered in the broader sense of attempting to shift the boundaries between a play environment and reality, between the performative zone and the dramatic one. The ambivalence about their own existence that the students discovered in Apuleius' text led to a huge number of studies related to the conflict of epic and dramatic forms. The intersection of the lifelike and non-artistic with the artistic determined many mechanisms used in the Open-Circuited Workspace. Instead of attempting to reconstruct or stylize old-style theatre, today one wants to create a separate, reserved theatrical territory with its own inherent laws. Thanks to the fact that the director considered each student's journey with the Golden Ass to be a path of initiation (this is also part of the life-giving game in which Yukhananov takes on the patronizing functions of the goddess Isis), elements of the literary (dramatic) material once again interconnected with real-life circumstances. The student’s work on the novel sought to reflect and reveal the story lines of the novel. Each of the participants in this sense was Lucius.
The Golden Ass project developed a strategy that Yukhananov originally began to advance in The Garden. The concept of the "inductive game," the rules of which are created and changed in the process of the game itself, expanded in the experiments of MIR-4. Live, real-time commentary on stage action continued to be plumbed as a tool for creating stage text (what was developed as an artistic strategy in the time of Theatre Theatre and then took hold as a common practice in the creation of LaboraTORiAH. Golem). This is a distinctive method that paradoxically delegates the function of playwright to the performance itself: "A performance that writes a play for itself."
MIR’S RECENT EXPERIMENTS
Yukhananov admitted a new class, MIR-5, in 2015, and immediately involved his new students in the work on The Golden Ass. That same year, the Studio opened its doors to the public with a session of student productions. The first open session of The Golden Ass was held at the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre in May 2016. Others followed in October and November 2016 (participating in the NET festival), and April 2017. The Golden Ass was the first experience of the Studio encountering the realities of a repertory theatre. Forty young directors worked on Apuleius’ novel with students of MIR as well as with Stanislavsky Electrotheatre company members. Each session lasted five days, ten hours each. As a rule, the first half of the day involved Yukhananov and the public watching so-called “modules” – that is, scenes created by young directors and composers (under project music director Dmitri Kourliandski) around the themes of The Golden Ass. Yukhananov deconstructed every scene, actively involving spectators in the discussion. In the evenings, so-called “compositions,” of which there were three, were shown. Compositions called "Shaggy" and "White" were shown twice, while between them, on the session’s third day, the composition called "City" was shown once. Compositions represent the project’s second stage; unlike modules they are fixed structures, something approximating a finished production.
If you look at the showings of The Golden Ass project as a whole, and consider it a text that is written in the process of work, then you can trace the conflict of the epic and dramatic principles in the body of this text. Dramatic situations are created to a greater extent in the modules and in the discussions of them. This resembles a rehearsal; it is unstable and confrontational. The compositions, on the other hand, are more like a performance; with few exceptions, they are rarely interrupted by spectator’s intrusions or comments from the director. Yukhananov’s formula dating back to The Garden – "a production with an anonymous author" – is applicable to The Golden Ass. This is true primarily to the block of modules. The final "assemblage" (that is, the evening compositions) belongs to the director. Yukhananov adhered to this approach to authorship from the very foundation of MIR. The actor not only performs a role, but is also its author.
"MIR addresses that fundamental territory which is a precursor to the division of art into various forms and specifications. It seeks to overcome the notion of a director as one who serves, and to discover a zone where directing exists as an integral artistic endeavor, to perceive it as a special opportunity for achieving harmony. This fundamental territory, which preceded divisions into cinematic, video, and theatrical directing, requires time and experimentation and time in order to discover and reveal oneself." (Boris Yukhananov, "Theatre as a Territory for Revealing the Universal Potential of the Individual," 1991)
This method of co-authorship lies at the heart of MIR-5’s main project, Orphic Games. Punk Macrame (2018). This collective work by the alumni of the Workshop and actors of the Electrotheatre emerged as one of Yukhananov’s most ambitious endeavors. It is based on the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice as seen through two different works, plays by Jean Cocteau and Jean Anouilh, wherein the space of the myth undergoes endless transformations. Yukhananov weaves a complex stage narrative from scenes worked up independently, although, in general, Orphic Games defies generic definition. In the fall of 2019, MIR-5 presented other works as part of the Assays in Non-Adaptive Theatre marathon: for an entire month the directors and actors of the Studio showed their theatrical compositions on the stage of the Electrotheatre.
In 2022, the sixth generation of graduates from the Studio of Individual Directing (MIR) presents the MIR ROME (WORLD ROME) project based on Shakespeare's Roman Tragedies — Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, Titus Andronicus, and Coriolanus — combined in a series of 21 performances. MIR ROME (WORLD ROME) consists of three parts: Stage (11 evenings), Road (4 evenings) and Elysium (6 evenings). Artists from the HSE School of Design under the direction of Anastasia Nefyodova will take part in the project together with the graduates of MIR. Boris Yukhananov and designer Ivan Kochkaryov built a production that brings together 21 performances, and involves 120 people.
Also this fall, recruitment of students for MIR-7 shall begin.
The repertoire of the Electrotheatre’s Small Stage includes numerous productions staged by Studio students: Andromache by Leisan Faizullina, Faryatyev's Fantasies by Yevgeny Bednyakov, Love Machines by Maria Chirkova, Idiotology and I/Fabre by Klim Kozinsky, The Mark on the Wall and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Polina Fractall, For a Wise Man by Georgy Grishchenkov, A Boring Story by Vasily Skvortsov, The House of Bernarda Alba by Alisa Seletskaya, Bunin by Svetlana Prokhorova, Zoika’s Apartment by Olga Lukichyova, Inside Eva by Viktoria Petrenko, Cyber-Pushkin, a digital opera about Tsar Saltan by Vitaly Labutin, Spaceships on the Energies of Love by Alberto Al Cosmico, Summer Wasps Bite Us Even in November by Varvara Obidor, Shochimiki – Death by Flower by Igor Makarov, Dostoevsky.fm by Alexander Nikitin, and Jumb... Lee... Ya, an interactive children's performance by Pavel Kravets.
Graduates of MIR-2 have also taken part in the life of the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre as directors: Inna Dulerain staged her own play, Songs from Oblivion, and Oleg Khaibullin directed The Visit, based on the play by Swiss playwright Friedrich Dürrenmatt.
By Anna Pavlenko